High Bilirubin Levels (Hyperbilirubinemia): Symptoms, Causes, Tests, and Treatments

Have you ever heard of high bilirubin levels or hyperbilirubinemia? This medical condition occurs when there is an excessive amount of bilirubin, a yellowish substance, in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is a waste product formed when red blood cells break down, and it is normally processed by the liver and eliminated from the body through the stool.

When bilirubin levels are high, it can cause yellowing of the skin and eyes, a condition called jaundice. Hyperbilirubinemia can occur for various reasons, including liver disease, hemolytic anemia, and certain medications.

In this blog, we will explore the symptoms, causes, tests, and treatments associated with high bilirubin levels, so keep reading to learn more.

What is Bilirubin?

Bilirubin is a yellowish substance that is produced when red blood cells break down. It is a waste product that is normally processed by the liver and eliminated from the body through excretion.

When bilirubin levels are normal, it does not cause any harm to the body. However, when bilirubin levels are high, it can lead to jaundice, a condition in which the skin and whites of the eyes become yellow. Bilirubin levels are usually measured through blood tests and are an essential component of liver function tests.

The liver is responsible for processing bilirubin, and any issues with liver function can result in high bilirubin levels. Additionally, certain medications and medical conditions, such as hemolytic anemia, can also lead to hyperbilirubinemia.

Understanding the role of bilirubin in the body is crucial to identifying and treating any conditions that may result in high bilirubin levels.

High Bilirubin Level Symptoms

Here are some common symptoms associated with high bilirubin levels:

• Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
• Dark urine
• Pale-colored stools
• Fatigue and weakness
• Bloating
• Abdominal pain and swelling
• Itching
• Nausea and vomiting
• Unintentional weight loss

What Causes High Bilirubin Levels?

Several factors can cause high bilirubin levels or hyperbilirubinemia. One of the most common causes include:

Liver Disease

The liver plays a crucial role in processing and eliminating bilirubin from the body. When the liver is damaged or diseased, it may not be able to efficiently process bilirubin, leading to an accumulation in the bloodstream.

Liver diseases that can cause high bilirubin levels to include hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), and even liver cancer.

Hemolytic anemia

In hemolytic anemia, the body destroys red blood cells faster than it can produce them, resulting in an excess of bilirubin in the bloodstream. This occurs because red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that is broken down into bilirubin when the cells are destroyed.

Hemolytic anemia can be caused by various factors, including genetic disorders, infections, medications, and autoimmune diseases.

Certain Medications

Some medications can cause high bilirubin levels as a side effect. For example, some antibiotics, such as rifampin and sulfonamides, can increase bilirubin levels by interfering with the liver's ability to process the substance.

Inherited conditions 

Gilbert's syndrome is an inherited condition that affects the liver's ability to process bilirubin. People with this condition have a deficiency in an enzyme that helps to break down bilirubin, leading to mild and intermittent hyperbilirubinemia.

Newborn jaundice

High bilirubin levels are common in newborn babies due to the liver's immaturity. In the first few days of life, the liver may not be able to efficiently process bilirubin, leading to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

This type of jaundice usually resolves on its own within a few days or weeks and does not cause any long-term harm.

Other factors

Other potential causes of hyperbilirubinemia include blockage of the bile ducts, certain infections (such as viral hepatitis), and autoimmune disorders (which can cause inflammation and damage to the liver).

Identifying the underlying cause of high bilirubin levels is important for determining the appropriate treatment and preventing any potential complications.

Bilirubin Blood Test

A bilirubin blood test is a common diagnostic test used to measure the levels of bilirubin in the blood, and whether they're in a normal range.

The blood test is typically recommended by a doctor to diagnose and monitor conditions that can cause high bilirubin levels, such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, and certain infections.

The test involves taking a small sample of blood, usually from an in the arm, and analyzing it in a laboratory. Results of the test can help doctors determine the underlying cause of high bilirubin levels and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Normal Bilirubin Level

Bilirubin levels typically range from 0.3 to 1.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). When bilirubin levels exceed 1.2 mg/dL, it is generally considered elevated.

Hyperbilirubinemia treatment

The treatment options for high bilirubin levels depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Mild cases of hyperbilirubinemia may not require any treatment, as the body will often eliminate excess bilirubin on its own.

However, in more severe cases, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications. Here are some common treatment options for high bilirubin levels:

Phototherapy: This is a common treatment for newborns with jaundice.

Medications: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help the liver eliminate excess bilirubin from the body.

Blood transfusion: In severe cases of hemolytic anemia, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replace the damaged red blood cells and reduce bilirubin levels.

Lifestyle changes: In some cases, making lifestyle changes such as reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and eating a healthy diet may help improve liver function and reduce bilirubin levels.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis such as a bilirubin blood test and treatment plan if you suspect you have high bilirubin levels. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and promote a speedy recovery.

Takeaway

Timely diagnosis and treatment of high bilirubin levels are crucial to prevent further complications and promote a healthy liver. If you experience symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, or pale stools, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. 

Redcliffe Labs offers an affordable and reliable bilirubin total test that can help diagnose high bilirubin levels and determine appropriate treatment options.

Maintaining a balanced bilirubin level is essential for a healthy liver, and taking proactive steps to manage high bilirubin levels can improve overall health and well-being.