AMH Test: Normal Range, Its Levels According to Age

Anti-Mullerian hormone or AMH is one of the most important parameters taken into consideration for identifying fertility. If you have ever got a fertility test done, you might have come across this term in your test report. The AMH hormone acts as a key indicator of fertility in women. These levels help the couple, especially the women, to decide whether she wants to start a family now or later. Also, whether or not she can wait or should she get her eggs frozen, as aprecaution, at an infertility centre.
Interesting, right..!! In this article, let us discuss about what AMH means, what is the normal range of AMH, what AMH levels are ideal for egg freezing, and how you can increase your AMH levels naturally.

What is the AMH test?

AMH or anti-Mullerian hormone is produced by the granulosa cells present in the ovarian follicles. The hormone is present in both males and females in their reproductive tissues. The levels of AMH play a crucial role in the development of sex organs in the embryonal stage. The levels of AMH in the foetus depend largely upon their gender, that is, the male foetus has higher AMH levels in order to inhibit the development of female organs, whereas, the female foetus has lower levels of AMH. The condition of ambiguous genitalia or intersex develops in the male fetus while the AMH levels are not high enough. Apart from sex organ development, the AMH comes into play at puberty and regulates the production of eggs by a female ovary. As the levels of AMH increase, the number of eggs produced in a female also increases. Thus, AMH levels enable the gynaecologist to effectively determine the fertility possibilities of a female.

What is the AMH Test used for?

The AMH test can be used with other tests to understand and treat female infertility. If you are a female and having infertility treatment, AMH testing can help.

• AMH is also referred to as "Ovarian reserve." The ovarian reserve declines with age, which is a completely normal process. An AMH can indicate the size of your ovarian reserve, but it cannot provide accurate information about the health of your eggs or predict whether you will become pregnant. 
• AMH helps doctors decide on the best fertility treatments based on ovarian reserve.
• High levels suggest conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where the ovaries have a larger number of small follicles.

AMH test for females:

• As the female approaches menopause, the egg supply shrinks, and your AMH level drops. The AMH levels are used to detect menopause conditions for premature menopause (before the age of 40) and early menopause (before the age of 45). But an AMH test cannot predict when you'll reach menopause. The average age of menopause is 52.
• The AMH test helps to diagnose PCOS, a hormonal disorder that can cause infertility. Also detects certain types of ovarian cancer.

For babies, an AMH test is used:

Healthy testicles in a male baby produce Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH). Therefore, normal levels of AMH indicate that the baby has healthy, functioning testicles, even if they haven't descended into the scrotum yet. On the other hand, low or absent levels of AMH may suggest other conditions that require further examination.

Atypical genitalia is a condition that can lead to various issues. For instance, abnormalities in AMH and other hormones in a male baby may result in the development of internal female reproductive organs and external genitalia that appear atypical.

Also read: What is a Good AMH Level for Achieving Pregnancy?

Why Do I Need an AMH Test?

If you are a female, you should consider getting an AMH test. If you-

• Are you having fertility problems
• Have symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome- Acne, Hair loss, Weight gain, Dark patches of skin, and too much facial hair.
• Are being treated for certain types of ovarian cancer
• Early signs of menopause

Read Also: How To Increase AMH Levels? Step-by-Step Information

What does the AMH Test result mean?

Here is what your AMH Test results indicate-

AMH Level	Interpretation	Implications
High AMH (>4.0 ng/mL)	High ovarian reserve	It may indicate conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Fertility treatments may need careful monitoring due to the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation.
Normal AMH (1.0–1.5 ng/mL)	Sufficient ovarian reserve	Indicates good fertility potential. Favorable for conception or fertility treatments.
Low AMH (0.5–1.0 ng/mL)	Low ovarian reserve	Low AMH levels indicate a decline in the number of eggs available for fertilization. This indicates challenges in conceiving naturally. Fertility treatments like IVF might still be an option.
Very Low AMH (<0.5ng/mL)	Very low ovarian reserve or near menopause	Indicates a significantly low chance of conception. Doctors may recommend further evaluation and consultation with a fertility specialist.

• AMH naturally declines with age, so results should be interpreted alongside your age and other fertility tests. For example, lower AMH levels are normal for women over 35.
• AMH reflects egg quantity, not quality. Egg quality depends more on age and overall health.
• A low AMH level indicates that you are approaching menopause. But your AMH test results can't predict how long you have until menopause. 
• If you are trying to get pregnant, ask your doctor to interpret your AMH test results about your fertility based on your age and other test results. 
• In male infants, the absence or low levels of AMH indicate a problem with the AMH gene, which is located on chromosome 19 and directs the production of AMH. This problem may be observed in individuals with absent or dysfunctional testicles. 
• A lack of male hormones indicates ambiguous genitalia and may cause abnormal internal reproductive structures.

What is the normal range of AMH?

The AMH levels remain constant during the early years of life and start increasing as the female reaches the adolescent stage. At the age of 25, the AMH levels in a female are at their peak which start decreasing as the women ages further, thereby, decreasing the egg count in subsequent years and finally leading to menopause. If a female wants to get pregnant, the optimum AMH levels required are 1.5 ng/mL to 4.0 ng/mL. The table below tabulates the inference of different AMH levels.

S.No.	AMH levels	Inference
1.	< 0.5 ng/mL	Very low
2.	0.5 - 1.0 ng/mL	Low
3.	1.0 - 1.5 ng/mL	Low-normal range
4.	1.5 - 4.0 ng/mL	Normal range
5.	> 4.0 ng/mL	High (Indicates PCOS)

AMH levels according to age

According to a study presented in the annual meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG), average levels of AMH in a female as per her age is tabulated below:

S.No.	Age	Average AMH levels
1.	< 30 years	2.91
2.	30 - 34 years	2.42
3.	35 - 37 years	2.03
4.	38 - 40 years	1.50
5.	41 - 42 years	0.92
6.	> 42 years	0.59

AMH levels and freezing of eggs

With the women becoming more career-oriented and the marriages now being at a later stage, the cases of infertility have increased exponentially. This is because the number of eggs in a female decrease at a certain age which is evident by the decrease in the AMH levels. Therefore, in dealing with the rising cases of infertility in recent times, science has made freezing eggs possible. This means that the women can get their eggs frozen in an infertility centre and later on use those eggs to get pregnant whenever they are ready for a family. However, the number of eggs that can be frozen in a female depends upon their age. It is also important to know that not all eggs that are frozen successfully turn into an embryo, thus, there is a minimum number of eggs that are required to ensure a 50% chance of live birth. The table below summarises the number of eggs that can be frozen in a female as per research, the minimum number of eggs that are required as per the model published in Human Reproduction in 2017, and the AMH levels that indicate the minimum number of eggs that are required for 50% live births as per the Centre for Fertility Research and Education (CFRE). 

S.No.	Age	Average number of eggs frozen per cycle	Minimum number of frozen eggs required for a 50% chance of live birth	AMH levels required to reach the optimum egg level
1.	< 34 years	17.2	7	1.25 ng/mL
2.	35 - 37 years	15.48	9	1.50 ng/mL
3.	38 - 40 years	12.87	11	1.75 ng/mL
4.	> 41 years	9.67	20	2.25 ng/mL

How to increase AMH levels naturally?

You can increase the levels of your AMH by making certain modifications to your lifestyle. These modifications include:

• Quitting smoking and other tobacco products
• Maintaining a healthy weight and body mass index (BMI)
• Take a diet rich in vitamin D and deficient in fat

Takeaway

AMH levels are an important indicator of the antral follicular count in females. The levels of AMH give gynaecologists a clear view of the number of eggs that are left in a female before she goes into the menopausal stage. Thus, AMH levels play a key role in planning your IVF protocol. Now, that you know the levels of AMH which are considered normal, the average AMH levels as per your age, and the minimum number of eggs that are required for freezing, you can better decide whether you should go for an IVF treatment or get your eggs frozen for future as per your AMH test report.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the normal AMH level to get pregnant? 

   The normal AMH level for a woman to get pregnant lies between 1.5 ng/mL to 4.0 ng/mL.

2. What is a good AMH level for IVF? 

   The AMH levels above 1.6 ng/mL are considered good for IVF.

3. What AMH level indicates PCOS?

   A high AMH level, that is, AMH levels above 4.0 ng/mL indicates PCOS.