GeneXpert Test: A Game Changer in Detecting Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infection that targets the lungs. This pathogen is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads via air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Because this aerosol infection can be easily inhaled, its development into TB is not guaranteed. In fact, one-third of the world’s population harbors this dormant bacteria and lives their life without experiencing any of the symptoms. 

But here’s the kick: If it’s left untreated, active TB can be devastating. Chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats, and fever are just some of its telltale signs. If not addressed, it can damage organs, compromise immunity, and even prove fatal. The best way to cure TB is to get an early diagnosis and proper treatment. 

Enters GeneXpert Test

The GeneXpert Test is a highly advanced molecular diagnostic test that detects various infectious diseases. It is a revolutionary technology that combines automated sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, all in a single cartridge. 

To better understand how the GeneXpert test detects lung diseases such as tuberculosis, you need to know how it’s done. 

• Collecting biological samples is the first step in the GeneXpert test procedure. Depending on the sample – blood, urine, sputum, or cerebrospinal fluid – a particular test is performed.  

• After that, the sample is processed to remove any remaining cell DNA or RNA. Before the genetic material can be purified for analysis, the cells are split open at this point to separate it from the other cell debris.  

• After the sample has been purified, it is combined with the proper reagents and put into a disposable test cartridge with all the parts required for molecular analysis. This cartridge is made especially for the sample of the GeneXpert system.  

• Once the test cartridge is inserted into the GeneXpert system, real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology is used to reverse transcriptase, amplify, and detect the target genetic materials. The GeneXpert system then takes over and automates the remaining steps. 

• This GeneXpert system provides physicians with real-time analysis of the results by continuously monitoring the PCR reaction to determine whether or not the target genetic material is present in the sample and to quantify the amount of gene material current.  

• When the procedure is finished, the GeneXpert system generates a test report that includes the results, the microorganism that was found, its genetic traits, and any additional data, such as a profile of drug resistance.  

Earlier, TB tests took 3 to 5 weeks to give the results. The GenexPert TB test has revolutionized the medical industry by reducing the time by a fraction. This new test can detect TB in just a couple of minutes. 

Why is GeneXpert better than the Traditional TB PCR Test?  

First and foremost, GeneXpert is the latest cutting-edge technology that has multiple benefits over traditional TB PCR tests. 

• Fast & Efficient: GeneXpert gives you the test result in less than 2 hours. The traditional test – TB PCR would take 3 to 5 weeks to detect TB.
• Easy to use: GeneXpert is a fully automated system and doesn’t require the technical expertise that the TB PCR test requires. The new test does not need multiple manual steps, thus reducing the chances of manual errors. 
• Identification of Drug Resistance: GeneXpert also efficiently detects whether the TB infection resists countering drugs like rifampicin. If it’s resistant to the drug, it implies the presence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Identifying this is crucial as it helps the doctors direct treatment decisions and guide the patients toward the right management path. 
• Portable Testing: GeneXpert can be done even in rural areas as it’s portable and decentralized. This test reduces the turnaround time that was associated with TB PCR testing.

What’s the next step if GeneXpert shows negative?

A negative GeneXpert TB result means the person does not have tuberculosis. When this happens, no further action is needed. If a person is being treated for TB, a negative result implies that the treatment was successful. But, even if the test is negative, it is highly recommended to consult your doctor. They will review the case to determine whether treatment should be stopped or further precautions are to be taken due to the contagious nature of tuberculosis. 

Limitations of GeneXpert

The GeneXpert TB test’s detection limit varies for different targets. For detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, it can identify 131-250 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). Regarding rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant TB, the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test has a lower detection limit at 5-10 CFU/ml. This means it can detect drug-resistant bacteria even in small samples. In simpler terms, these numbers represent how sensitive the test is to finding the TB bacteria, including drug-resistant strains, in different types of samples like sputum.

GeneXpert test is faster and more effective than a conventional TB PCR test. When the GeneXpert test returns negative, it helps you and the doctor determine whether the treatment should be stopped or carried on for further precautions. 
At Redcliffe Labs Delhi, everyone deserves access to high-quality, accurate diagnostic testing. That’s why we’re committed to providing our patients with the latest technologies and the highest standards of care. Choose Redcliffe Labs and experience the difference that precision can make. Contact us today to schedule your Genexpert Ultra MTB test and explore our full range of diagnostic solutions.